Pearls: everything you need to know

Pearls – everything you need to know

Pearls have been a symbol of elegance, purity, and wealth for centuries. From the classic pearl necklace to modern baroque pearl earrings – pearls are timeless and versatile. In this comprehensive article, you'll learn everything about how pearls are formed, the different types, how to recognise real pearls, and how to care for them. Also, check out our pearl jewellery collection.

What is a pearl?

A pearl is a gemstone formed by a mollusc (such as an oyster or mussel) in response to an irritant that enters its shell. The mollusc encases the intruder with layers of nacre – a combination of calcium carbonate and proteins. After years of building layer upon layer, the lustrous pearl we know is formed. This makes pearls unique: they are the only gemstones created by a living organism.

How are pearls formed?

The pearl formation process takes 6 months to 4 years, depending on the oyster species. There are two ways pearls are created:

• Natural pearls – formed entirely without human intervention, when a parasite or grain of sand accidentally enters a wild oyster. Extremely rare and precious
• Cultured pearls – a human introduces a small piece of nacre into the oyster to initiate the process. The pearl that subsequently grows is completely natural. Cultured pearls are real pearls
• Synthetic/imitation pearls – made from glass, plastic, or other materials. Not real pearls

Types of pearls

There are four main types of cultured pearls, each with its own characteristics:

• Akoya pearls – the classic round pearl from Japan. Small (6–8 mm), bright lustre, perfect for formal jewellery
• Freshwater pearls – cultivated in lakes and rivers (especially China). Available in many colours, shapes, and sizes. Most affordable
• South Sea pearls – large pearls (10–20 mm) from Australia and Indonesia. White, cream, or gold in colour. Very valuable
• Tahitian pearls – the famous “black pearls” from French Polynesia. Colour varies from grey and green to deep black. Rare and precious

How to recognise real pearls?

Here's how to distinguish real pearls from imitations:

• Tooth test – gently rub the pearl against your tooth. Real pearls feel slightly gritty; imitation pearls are smooth
• Temperature – real pearls feel cool to the touch and slowly warm up. Imitation pearls quickly adopt the ambient temperature
• Lustre – real pearls have a deep, rich lustre with depth. Imitation pearls have a superficial shine
• Imperfections – real pearls have small irregularities on their surface. Perfect smoothness indicates imitation
• Weight – real pearls are heavier than imitation pearls of the same size

What determines the value of pearls?

The price of pearls is determined by:

• Size – the larger, the more valuable
• Shape – perfectly round pearls are the most valuable
• Colour – rare colours (such as deep black or gold) are worth more
• Lustre – the more intense the lustre, the higher the value
• Surface quality – fewer blemishes and irregularities = higher value
• Origin – pearls from well-known regions (Kashmir, Tahiti, Australia) are worth more

Pearl care

• Put pearls on last and take them off first – apply perfume and hairspray before putting them on
• After wearing, wipe with a soft, slightly damp cloth
• Store pearls flat in a soft pouch – not in an airtight box, as pearls need moisture
• Avoid contact with soap residue, chlorine, perfume, and vinegar
• Have pearl necklaces regularly restrung if the thread becomes loose
• Clean with lukewarm water and a soft cloth – no harsh cleaning agents

Pearl jewellery at Aramat Jewels

At Aramat Jewels, you'll find a wide collection of pearl jewellery in various styles, sizes, and colours. From classic pearl earrings to modern baroque pearl hoop earrings. Also, read our article on the latest trends: Pearl jewellery: classic, modern, and eternally chic.

Are cultured pearls real pearls?

Yes, cultured pearls are real pearls. Only the beginning of the growth process is guided by humans; the nacre layer that gives the lustre is entirely naturally produced by the oyster.

What is the difference between freshwater and saltwater pearls?

Freshwater pearls are cultivated in lakes and rivers and are available in many colours and shapes. Saltwater pearls (Akoya, South Sea, Tahitian) are cultivated in oceans and are generally rounder, more lustrous, and more expensive.

How long do pearls last?

With proper care, pearls can last for generations. Avoid contact with chemicals, store them separately from other jewellery, and wipe them after wearing. Have pearl necklaces restrung regularly.

What is June's birthstone?

Pearl is June's birthstone. Pearls symbolise purity, wisdom, and love. They are also associated with the zodiac sign Cancer.

Can I shower with pearl jewellery?

No, it is not recommended. Soap residue and water can damage the nacre layer and weaken the thread of pearl necklaces. Always take off pearl jewellery before showering or swimming.